492 entries
SWIFTSWIFTस्विफ्टSWIFT is a member-owned cooperative that provides a secure network and standard message formats for financial institutions to exchange payment and other financial messages worldwide.Payments & Digital BankingSWIFT CodeBICस्विफ्ट कोडA SWIFT code, or Business Identifier Code (BIC), is an 8 or 11 character code under ISO 9362 that uniquely identifies a bank or financial institution in international messages.Payments & Digital BankingSaving Accountबचत खाताAn interest-bearing deposit account kept for saving, from which the holder can withdraw at any time; in Nepal it may be opened only by natural persons and not-for-profit organisations.Deposits & AccountsSecondary Marketदोस्रो बजारThe secondary market is where previously issued securities are bought and sold among investors, mainly through a stock exchange.Economy & MarketsSectoral Credit Concentrationक्षेत्रगत कर्जा सघनताSectoral credit concentration is the share of a bank's total loans given to one sector of the economy; NRB caps it to avoid too much exposure to any single sector.RatioAsset QualitySecured Transaction Act, 2063सुरक्षित कारोबार ऐन, २०६३The Act that creates a unified legal framework for taking movable property as security, registering security interests in a public registry and enforcing them.ActBanking Laws (Acts)Securities Act, 2063धितोपत्र सम्बन्धी ऐन, २०६३The Act that regulates Nepal's securities market: it establishes the Securities Board of Nepal and governs issue and registration of securities, stock exchanges, securities businesses, collective investment schemes and insider trading.ActBanking Laws (Acts)Securities Board of NepalSEBONनेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्डSEBON is the apex regulator of Nepal's securities market, responsible for developing the capital market and protecting investors by regulating securities issues, stock exchanges and market intermediaries.InstitutionsShell Bankशेल बैंकA shell bank is a bank that has no physical presence (no real office, management or records) in the country where it is incorporated and licensed, and is not part of a regulated financial group.Risk & ComplianceSight Letter of Creditदृष्टि प्रतीतपत्रA sight letter of credit is an LC under which payment is made as soon as compliant documents are presented.Forex & Trade FinanceSignificant Increase in Credit Risk (SICR)SICRकर्जा जोखिममा उल्लेख्य वृद्धिA significant increase in credit risk is a marked rise in a loan's risk of default since it was first given, which moves the loan from Stage 1 to Stage 2 and requires lifetime expected credit loss.Asset QualitySimple InterestSIसाधारण ब्याजInterest calculated only on the original principal for the whole period, without adding earlier interest to the principal.Deposits & AccountsSimplified Customer Due DiligenceSDDसरलीकृत ग्राहक पहिचानSimplified due diligence is a lighter set of customer identification measures allowed where the money laundering and terrorist financing risk is assessed as low, mainly to promote financial inclusion.Risk & ComplianceSimplified Standardized ApproachSSAसरलीकृत मानक विधिThe method NRB prescribes for measuring credit risk capital, in which each exposure gets a fixed risk weight set by NRB according to counterparty type, collateral and status, instead of using external or internal ratings.Capital & BaselSingle Obligor LimitSOLएकल ग्राहक कर्जा सीमाThe single obligor limit is the maximum a bank may lend, in fund-based and non-fund-based facilities together, to one customer or to a group of related customers, set as a percentage of the bank's core capital.RatioAsset QualitySoiled and Mutilated Notesझुत्रा तथा बिग्रेका नोटBanknotes that are dirty, worn, torn, burnt, wet, written on or otherwise damaged so that they are no longer fit to be re-issued into circulation.Banking BasicsSpecial Drawing RightsSDRविशेष निकासी अधिकारSpecial Drawing Rights are an international reserve asset created by the IMF and allocated to member countries, valued on a basket of major currencies.Forex & Trade FinanceSpecific Loan Loss Provisionविशेष कर्जा नोक्सानी व्यवस्थाSpecific loan loss provision is the provision kept against identified non-performing loans (substandard, doubtful, loss and restructured) to cover their expected loss.Asset QualitySpot Transactionस्पट कारोबारA spot transaction is a foreign exchange deal settled immediately, normally within two business days, at the current spot rate.Forex & Trade FinanceStagflationस्ट्यागफ्लेसन (मन्दीसहितको मुद्रास्फीति)Stagflation is a situation of high inflation combined with stagnant or falling output and high unemployment.Economy & MarketsStale Chequeम्याद नाघेको चेक (स्टेल चेक)A cheque presented after its validity period has expired, counted from the date written on it, which banks will not pay.Cheques & InstrumentsStandby Letter of CreditSBLCस्ट्यान्डबाइ प्रतीतपत्रA standby letter of credit is a bank's undertaking to pay the beneficiary if the applicant fails to perform an obligation, functioning like a guarantee in LC form.Forex & Trade FinanceStanding Deposit FacilitySDFस्थायी निक्षेप सुविधाA standing window through which banks and financial institutions can deposit surplus funds with NRB at a fixed rate; its rate is the floor of the interest rate corridor.Monetary Policy & NRBStanding Instructionस्थायी निर्देशनA standing instruction is a customer's instruction to the bank to make a fixed payment from their account to a specified beneficiary at regular intervals.Payments & Digital BankingStanding Liquidity FacilitySLFस्थायी तरलता सुविधाA standing window through which banks and financial institutions can borrow short-term funds from NRB against eligible collateral, usually government securities, at the bank rate; it forms the ceiling of the interest rate corridor.Monetary Policy & NRBStatutory Liquidity RatioSLRवैधानिक तरलता अनुपातThe minimum share of domestic deposits that a bank must hold in specified liquid assets such as government securities, cash in vault and its CRR balance with NRB.RatioLiquiditySterilized Interventionनिष्प्रभावीकृत हस्तक्षेपForeign exchange purchase or sale by the central bank combined with an offsetting domestic operation, so that the intervention does not change the amount of reserve money in the banking system.Monetary Policy & NRBStop Paymentभुक्तानी रोक्का (स्टप पेमेन्ट)A written instruction from the drawer asking the bank not to pay a specific cheque that has been issued but not yet paid.Cheques & InstrumentsStress Testingदबाब परीक्षणStress testing is a forward-looking exercise that applies severe but plausible shocks to a bank's balance sheet to see how its capital, earnings and liquidity would hold up.Risk & ComplianceStructural Liquidityसंरचनागत तरलताLiquidity surplus or shortage in the banking system that is expected to last for a long period, as opposed to short-term or seasonal swings.LiquiditySubordinated Term Debtसहायक आवधिक ऋणUnsecured long-term debt that ranks below depositors and other creditors in liquidation. Banks issue it as debentures that qualify as Tier 2 capital within limits.Capital & BaselSubstandard Loanकमसल कर्जाA substandard loan is a non-performing loan whose principal or interest is overdue by 3 to 6 months, requiring at least a 25% provision.Asset QualitySupplementary Capital (Tier 2)Tier 2पूरक पुँजी (टियर २)The second layer of regulatory capital made of reserves and instruments that absorb losses mainly when a bank fails or is wound up. It counts toward total capital but not toward Tier 1.Capital & BaselSuspicious Activity ReportSARशंकास्पद गतिविधि प्रतिवेदनA SAR is a report to the FIU about suspicious behaviour or an attempted transaction, even where no transaction is completed.Risk & ComplianceSuspicious Transaction ReportSTRशंकास्पद कारोबार प्रतिवेदनAn STR is a report a reporting entity must send to the FIU when it suspects, or has reasonable grounds to suspect, that a customer, transaction or property is linked to money laundering, terrorist financing or another offence.Risk & ComplianceTargeted Financial SanctionsTFSसूचीकृत व्यक्ति सम्बन्धी वित्तीय प्रतिबन्धTargeted financial sanctions require banks to freeze, without delay, the funds and assets of persons, groups and entities designated under UN Security Council resolutions or national lists for terrorism or proliferation, and not to make funds available to them.Risk & ComplianceTelegraphic TransferTTटेलिग्राफिक ट्रान्सफरA telegraphic transfer is an electronic transfer of funds, usually across borders, sent from one bank to another through SWIFT or a similar network.Forex & Trade FinanceTerm Loanआवधिक कर्जाA term loan is a loan disbursed for a fixed period, usually more than one year, and repaid in scheduled instalments of principal and interest.Loans & CreditTerrorist FinancingTFआतङ्ककारी कार्यमा वित्तीय लगानीTerrorist financing is providing or collecting funds or property, by any means, knowing or intending that they will be used for a terrorist act or by a terrorist person or organisation.Risk & ComplianceThird-party Collateralतेस्रो पक्षको धितोThird-party collateral is property owned by someone other than the borrower that is pledged or mortgaged to secure the borrower's loan.Loans & CreditThree Lines of Defenceजोखिम व्यवस्थापनका तीन सुरक्षा घेराThe three lines of defence is a model that divides risk responsibilities between business units (first line), independent risk management and compliance (second line), and internal audit (third line).Risk & ComplianceThree Pillars of Baselबासेलका तीन स्तम्भThe structure of Basel II and Basel III: Pillar 1 minimum capital requirements, Pillar 2 supervisory review process, and Pillar 3 market discipline through disclosure.Capital & BaselThreshold Transaction ReportTTRसीमा कारोबार प्रतिवेदनA TTR is a report that a bank must send to the FIU for every transaction at or above the amount fixed by NRB, whether or not the transaction is suspicious.Risk & ComplianceTipping Offसूचना चुहाउने कार्यTipping off is informing a customer or any third person that a suspicious transaction report has been or will be filed, or that an investigation is under way.Risk & ComplianceTokenisationटोकनाइजेसनTokenisation replaces sensitive data, such as a card number, with a unique substitute value (token) that is useless if stolen, while the real data is kept securely by a token service provider.Payments & Digital BankingTrade Financeव्यापार वित्तTrade finance is the set of banking products, such as letters of credit, guarantees, collections and import and export loans, that facilitate and finance domestic and international trade.Forex & Trade FinanceTrade-Based Money LaunderingTBMLव्यापारमा आधारित सम्पत्ति शुद्धीकरणTBML is disguising proceeds of crime and moving value through trade transactions, typically by over-invoicing or under-invoicing goods, misdescribing goods, or multiple invoicing.Risk & ComplianceTraveller's ChequeTCट्राभलर्स चेकA pre-printed, fixed-denomination cheque sold by a bank or issuer for use while travelling, signed once at purchase and again when encashed, and refundable if lost or stolen.Cheques & InstrumentsTreasury BillT-billट्रेजरी बिलA treasury bill is a short-term government debt instrument, issued at a discount and redeemed at face value on maturity, used to raise funds for up to one year.Economy & MarketsTrial Balanceपरीक्षण सन्तुलनA trial balance is a list of all ledger account balances on a date, arranged in debit and credit columns, to check that total debits equal total credits.Profitability & Financial AnalysisTrust Receipt LoanTR loanट्रष्ट रिसिट कर्जाA trust receipt loan is a short-term import loan in which the bank pays the supplier under a letter of credit and releases the goods to the importer, who holds them in trust for the bank and repays from sales.Loans & CreditTurnover Ratiosआवर्तन अनुपातहरूTurnover ratios measure how efficiently a firm uses its assets, such as inventory, receivables and fixed assets, to generate sales.RatioProfitability & Financial AnalysisTwo-factor Authentication2FAदुई-तहको प्रमाणीकरणTwo-factor authentication verifies a user with two different types of evidence, such as a password plus a one-time password sent to a registered phone.Payments & Digital BankingTypes of Bank Interestबैंकिङमा ब्याजका प्रकारThe different ways banks price and calculate interest on deposits and loans, such as simple and compound, fixed and floating, nominal and effective, and penal interest.Deposits & AccountsUCP 600UCPयुसीपी ६००UCP 600 is the International Chamber of Commerce's set of rules, effective from 1 July 2007, that governs the issuance and operation of documentary letters of credit worldwide.Forex & Trade FinanceUnclaimed Depositदाबी नपरेको निक्षेपMoney in deposit accounts that have had no transactions for a long period or that no one has claimed after the depositor's death, which banks must report and eventually transfer to NRB.Deposits & AccountsUniversal Bankingयुनिभर्सल बैंकिङA model in which one banking group offers a wide range of financial services, such as commercial banking, investment banking, securities, insurance distribution and asset management, under one roof.Banking BasicsUnspecified-purpose Personal Loanप्रयोजन नखुलेका व्यक्तिगत कर्जाAn unspecified-purpose personal loan is a loan to an individual, such as a personal overdraft, mortgage loan or personal term loan, where no specific business or consumption purpose is stated.Loans & CreditUsance Letter of Creditम्यादी प्रतीतपत्रA usance letter of credit is an LC under which payment is made at a fixed future date after presentation of compliant documents, giving the buyer a credit period.Forex & Trade FinanceValue Added Tax Act, 2052VAT Actमूल्य अभिवृद्धि कर ऐन, २०५२The Act that levies value added tax on the supply of goods and services in Nepal and sets rules for registration, invoicing, returns, refunds and appeals.ActBanking Laws (Acts)