24 entries
Additional Tier 1 CapitalAT1अतिरिक्त प्राथमिक पुँजीPerpetual, subordinated capital instruments that are not common equity but can absorb losses while the bank is a going concern, counted in Tier 1 alongside CET1.Capital & BaselBasel Committee on Banking SupervisionBCBSबासेल बैंकिङ सुपरिवेक्षण समितिThe international standard setter for the prudential regulation of banks, hosted by the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland. It issued Basel I, II and III.Capital & BaselBasel Iबासेल १The first international capital standard, agreed by the Basel Committee in 1988, requiring banks to hold capital of at least 8% of risk-weighted assets, mainly for credit risk.Capital & BaselBasel IIबासेल २The revised capital framework released by the Basel Committee in June 2004 that made capital more risk-sensitive and organised regulation into three pillars.Capital & BaselBasel IIIबासेल ३The Basel Committee's post-2008 reform package that raises the quality and quantity of bank capital, adds capital buffers and a leverage ratio, and introduces global liquidity standards (LCR and NSFR).Capital & BaselBasic Indicator ApproachBIAआधारभूत सूचक विधिThe simplest Basel method for operational risk capital, in which the charge is a fixed percentage of the bank's average annual gross income over the previous three years.Capital & BaselCapital Adequacy RatioCARपुँजीकोष पर्याप्तता अनुपातThe ratio of a bank's total regulatory capital (Tier 1 plus Tier 2) to its total risk-weighted exposure. It shows how much loss-absorbing capital a bank holds against the risks in its assets and operations.RatioCapital & BaselCapital Conservation BufferCCBपुँजी संरक्षण बफरAn extra layer of Common Equity Tier 1 capital that banks must hold above the regulatory minimum in normal times so that it can be drawn down during stress.Capital & BaselCommon Equity Tier 1CET1साधारण शेयर पुँजी (CET1)The highest-quality part of Tier 1 capital, made of common shares, share premium, statutory general reserve, retained earnings and other free reserves, net of regulatory deductions.RatioCapital & BaselCore Capital (Tier 1)Tier 1प्राथमिक पुँजी (टियर १)The highest-quality, permanent part of a bank's capital that absorbs losses while the bank keeps operating. Under Basel III it equals Common Equity Tier 1 plus Additional Tier 1.RatioCapital & BaselCountercyclical Capital BufferCCyBप्रतिचक्रीय पुँजी बफरA time-varying capital add-on in CET1 that the regulator switches on when credit grows excessively, so banks build extra capital before a downturn and can release it afterwards.Capital & BaselExchange Equalization Fundसटही समीकरण कोषA statutory reserve that a bank dealing in foreign exchange builds from revaluation gains on foreign currency holdings, to cushion future exchange rate losses.Capital & BaselGeneral Reserveसाधारण जगेडा कोषA statutory reserve that every bank and financial institution must build from its annual net profit under the Bank and Financial Institution Act. It forms part of Common Equity Tier 1 capital.Capital & BaselInternal Capital Adequacy Assessment ProcessICAAPआन्तरिक पुँजी पर्याप्तता मूल्याङ्कन प्रक्रियाA bank's own board-approved process for identifying all its material risks and deciding how much capital it needs against them, beyond the Pillar 1 minimum. It is the bank's part of Pillar 2.Capital & BaselLeverage Ratioलिभरेज अनुपातA simple, non-risk-based ratio of Tier 1 capital to a bank's total on- and off-balance-sheet exposure. It acts as a backstop to the risk-weighted capital ratio.RatioCapital & BaselMinimum Paid-up Capital Requirementन्यूनतम चुक्ता पुँजीThe smallest amount of paid-up capital NRB requires a licensed bank or financial institution of each class and operating area to hold.Capital & BaselPaid-up Capitalचुक्ता पुँजीThe part of a company's issued share capital that shareholders have actually paid in full. For a bank it is the base of core capital and is used to judge size and strength.Capital & BaselPrompt Corrective ActionPCAशीघ्र सुधारात्मक कारबाहीA set of graded supervisory actions that NRB takes automatically when a bank or financial institution's capital adequacy ratio falls below the required minimum, becoming stricter as the shortfall grows.Capital & BaselRegulatory Reserveनियमनकारी कोषA reserve that NRB requires banks to create by transferring part of retained earnings so that profits recognised under NFRS but not yet realised, or not acceptable to the regulator, are not paid out as dividends.Capital & BaselRisk-weighted AssetsRWAजोखिम भारित सम्पत्तिA bank's assets and off-balance-sheet exposures weighted by their riskiness, plus capital charges for market and operational risk. It is the denominator of the capital adequacy ratio.Capital & BaselSimplified Standardized ApproachSSAसरलीकृत मानक विधिThe method NRB prescribes for measuring credit risk capital, in which each exposure gets a fixed risk weight set by NRB according to counterparty type, collateral and status, instead of using external or internal ratings.Capital & BaselSubordinated Term Debtसहायक आवधिक ऋणUnsecured long-term debt that ranks below depositors and other creditors in liquidation. Banks issue it as debentures that qualify as Tier 2 capital within limits.Capital & BaselSupplementary Capital (Tier 2)Tier 2पूरक पुँजी (टियर २)The second layer of regulatory capital made of reserves and instruments that absorb losses mainly when a bank fails or is wound up. It counts toward total capital but not toward Tier 1.Capital & BaselThree Pillars of Baselबासेलका तीन स्तम्भThe structure of Basel II and Basel III: Pillar 1 minimum capital requirements, Pillar 2 supervisory review process, and Pillar 3 market discipline through disclosure.Capital & Basel