Paid-up Capital
चुक्ता पुँजी
Also called Paid-in Capital, Chukta Punji
The part of a company's issued share capital that shareholders have actually paid in full. For a bank it is the base of core capital and is used to judge size and strength.
Explained
Share capital has layers:
- Authorised capital: the maximum the memorandum allows.
- Issued capital: the part offered to shareholders.
- Paid-up capital: the part fully paid.
Paid-up capital rises through public issues, right shares, bonus shares (capitalising reserves), mergers and, for promoters, fresh calls. For a bank, paid-up common shares are the first item of Common Equity Tier 1.
NRB sets minimum paid-up capital for each class of licensed institution, and many prudential limits refer to it. Under BAFIA 2073 the general reserve fund must keep growing until it reaches twice the paid-up capital, and merger, branch and licence upgrade decisions also check whether the minimum paid-up capital has been met.
Bonus shares increase paid-up capital without new cash, so they do not change total equity.
Example
A bank with 80 million shares of Rs 100 each, all fully paid, has paid-up capital of Rs 8 billion. A 10% bonus share issue raises it to Rs 8.8 billion by moving Rs 0.8 billion from reserves.
In Nepal
The big wave of bank mergers after 2072/73 was driven by NRB's requirement to raise paid-up capital to the new minimums.
कम्पनीले जारी गरेको शेयर पुँजीमध्ये शेयरधनीले वास्तवमै पूरा भुक्तानी गरिसकेको भाग। बैंकका लागि यो प्राथमिक पुँजीको आधार हो।
व्याख्या
शेयर पुँजीका तह:
- अधिकृत पुँजी: प्रबन्धपत्रले दिएको अधिकतम सीमा।
- जारी पुँजी: शेयरधनीलाई जारी गरिएको भाग।
- चुक्ता पुँजी: पूरा भुक्तानी भइसकेको भाग।
सार्वजनिक निष्कासन, हकप्रद शेयर, बोनस शेयर (जगेडा पुँजीकरण) र गाभ्ने गाभिने प्रक्रियाबाट चुक्ता पुँजी बढ्छ। बैंकका लागि चुक्ता साधारण शेयर साधारण शेयर पुँजी (CET1) को पहिलो अंश हो।
राष्ट्र बैंकले प्रत्येक वर्गका लागि न्यूनतम चुक्ता पुँजी तोकेको छ र धेरै विवेकशील सीमा यसैमा आधारित छन्। बैंक तथा वित्तीय संस्था सम्बन्धी ऐन, २०७३ अनुसार साधारण जगेडा कोष चुक्ता पुँजीको दोब्बर नपुगेसम्म बढाउनुपर्छ।
बोनस शेयरले नयाँ नगद नल्याई चुक्ता पुँजी बढाउँछ, त्यसैले कुल शेयरधनी कोष परिवर्तन हुँदैन।
उदाहरण
रु १०० का ८ करोड शेयर पूरा भुक्तानी भएको बैंकको चुक्ता पुँजी रु ८ अर्ब हुन्छ। १० प्रतिशत बोनस शेयर दिँदा जगेडाबाट रु ८० करोड सारेर चुक्ता पुँजी रु ८ अर्ब ८० करोड पुग्छ।
नेपालमा
२०७२/७३ पछिको ठूलो मर्जर लहर राष्ट्र बैंकले न्यूनतम चुक्ता पुँजी बढाएपछि आएको हो।
Related
Sources
- NRB Unified Directive 2082 (A, B and C class), Directive 21Nepal Rastra Bank
- Bank and Financial Institution Act, 2073Law
Updated