26 entries
Labour Act, 2074श्रम ऐन, २०७४Nepal's main employment law: it sets minimum standards on employment contracts, working hours, wages, leave, provident fund, gratuity, insurance, occupational safety and labour dispute settlement.ActBanking Laws (Acts)Large Borrower Reportingठूला ऋणीको विवरणLarge borrowers are customers whose loans exceed an NRB threshold (Rs 5 crore for commercial banks, Rs 2 crore for development banks and finance companies), whose details banks must report to NRB every quarter.Asset QualityLedgerखाता बहीA ledger is the book of accounts in which entries from the journal are posted and grouped account by account to show each account's balance.Profitability & Financial AnalysisLender of Last ResortLOLRअन्तिम ऋणदाताThe central bank's role of lending to banks in exceptional circumstances when they cannot get funds elsewhere, to prevent a liquidity problem from becoming a bank failure or a system-wide crisis.Monetary Policy & NRBLetter of CreditLCप्रतीतपत्रA letter of credit is a bank's written undertaking, issued on behalf of a buyer, to pay the seller a stated amount provided the seller presents documents that comply with the terms of the credit.Forex & Trade FinanceLeverage Ratioलिभरेज अनुपातA simple, non-risk-based ratio of Tier 1 capital to a bank's total on- and off-balance-sheet exposure. It acts as a backstop to the risk-weighted capital ratio.RatioCapital & BaselLienलियन (रोक्का राख्ने अधिकार)A lien is a creditor's right to keep possession of a debtor's property or funds until the debtor pays what is owed.Loans & CreditLimited Banking Unitसीमित बैंकिङ इकाइA small office opened by a BFI, staffed regularly or on fixed days, to provide limited banking services in unbanked areas outside the Kathmandu Valley and other cities.Banking BasicsLiquid Assetsतरल सम्पत्तिAssets that a bank can convert into cash quickly and with little loss, such as cash in vault, balances with NRB and other banks, call money and government securities.LiquidityLiquidity Coverage RatioLCRतरलता कभरेज अनुपातA Basel III standard requiring banks to hold enough unencumbered high-quality liquid assets to cover their total net cash outflows over a 30-day stress period.RatioLiquidityLiquidity Crunchतरलता अभावA situation in which banks run short of loanable funds, so interbank rates rise, lending slows and banks compete for deposits.LiquidityLiquidity Managementतरलता व्यवस्थापनThe way a bank plans and controls its cash, liquid assets and funding so that it can meet withdrawals and payment obligations on time at reasonable cost, while still earning on idle funds.LiquidityLiquidity Riskतरलता जोखिमLiquidity risk is the risk that a bank cannot meet its payment obligations, such as deposit withdrawals, when they fall due without unacceptable cost or loss.Risk & ComplianceLoan / Creditकर्जा / ऋणA loan is money a bank lends to a borrower on agreed terms, to be repaid with interest within a fixed time. Credit is the wider idea of trust that lets a borrower receive funds or facilities now and pay later.Loans & CreditLoan Classification (Pass, Watchlist, Substandard, Doubtful, Loss)कर्जा वर्गीकरण (असल, सूक्ष्म निगरानी, कमसल, शंकास्पद, खराब)Loan classification is the grouping of loans by how long principal or interest is overdue and other risk signs, into pass, watchlist, substandard, doubtful and loss, each with a minimum provision.Asset QualityLoan Guarantee Commissionकर्जा जमानत कमिशनA guarantee commission is the fee a bank or guarantor charges for standing guarantee for a customer's obligation, usually as a percentage of the guaranteed amount for the guarantee period.Loans & CreditLoan Loss ProvisionLLPकर्जा नोक्सानी व्यवस्थाA loan loss provision is an amount a bank sets aside from its profit to cover expected losses on loans that may not be repaid.Asset QualityLoan Processing Feeकर्जा प्रशासनिक सेवा शुल्कA loan processing fee is the one-time service charge a bank collects for appraising and approving a loan.Loans & CreditLoan Restructuring and Reschedulingकर्जाको पुनरसंरचना तथा पुनरतालिकीकरणRescheduling extends the repayment period of a loan; restructuring changes its nature, terms or covenants. Both are used when a borrower's repayment capacity weakens but recovery is still likely.Loans & CreditLoan Takeover and Loan Swapकर्जा खरिद-बिक्री तथा कर्जा स्वाप (टेकओभर)A loan takeover or swap is when one bank buys or takes over a borrower's loan from another bank, usually because the borrower moves to the new bank for better terms.Loans & CreditLoan Write-offकर्जा अपलेखनA loan write-off removes an uncollectible, fully provided loan from the bank's books, while the bank keeps trying to recover it.Asset QualityLoan against Fixed Depositमुद्दती रसिदको धितो कर्जाA loan against a fixed deposit is a loan secured by a lien on the borrower's fixed deposit receipt, usually priced as a margin over the deposit rate.Loans & CreditLoan against Promoter Sharesसंस्थापक शेयर धितो कर्जाA loan against promoter shares is a loan secured by the promoter (founder) shares of a bank or financial institution, which NRB allows only under strict valuation and tenure limits.Loans & CreditLoan-to-Value Ratio (LTV)LTVकर्जा-मूल्य अनुपात (ऋण मूल्य अनुपात)The loan-to-value ratio compares the loan amount with the market value of the asset pledged as security, showing how much of the collateral value is financed.RatioLoans & CreditLoss Given Default (LGD)LGDडिफल्टमा हुने नोक्सानी अनुपातLoss given default is the share of an exposure that a lender expects to lose if the borrower defaults, after recoveries from collateral and other sources.RatioAsset QualityLoss Loanखराब कर्जाA loss loan is a non-performing loan overdue by more than one year, or affected by serious problems such as misuse or a missing borrower, that is considered largely uncollectible and needs a 100% provision.Asset Quality