417 entries
Pari Passu Chargeपारिपासु (समान हैसियतको धितो)Pari passu means "on an equal footing": lenders sharing a pari passu charge have equal rights over the same security, and recoveries are shared in proportion to their loans.Loans & CreditPass Loanअसल कर्जाA pass loan is a performing loan that is not overdue or is overdue by at most one month, and carries the lowest provision.Asset QualityPayment Gatewayपेमेन्ट गेटवेA payment gateway is a service that securely captures and transmits online payment details from a website or app to banks or payment networks for authorisation.Payments & Digital BankingPayment Processingभुक्तानी प्रशोधनPayment processing is the sequence of steps by which an electronic payment is initiated, authorised, cleared and settled between payer and payee.Payments & Digital BankingPayment Service ProviderPSPभुक्तानी सेवा प्रदायकA payment service provider is an institution licensed by Nepal Rastra Bank to offer electronic payment services, such as wallets, directly to customers.Payments & Digital BankingPayment System OperatorPSOभुक्तानी प्रणाली सञ्चालकA payment system operator is an institution licensed by Nepal Rastra Bank to operate the infrastructure that switches, clears and settles payments among banks, wallets and card networks.Payments & Digital BankingPayment in Due Courseरीतपूर्वकको भुक्तानीPayment of the amount stated in a negotiable instrument to the person in possession of it, made in good faith and without negligence (NI Act, 2034, Section 2(त)).Cheques & InstrumentsPenal Interestपेनाल ब्याज (हर्जाना ब्याज)Penal interest is the extra interest a bank charges on overdue principal or instalments when a borrower fails to pay on the due date.Loans & CreditPer Capita Incomeप्रतिव्यक्ति आयPer capita income is a country's total national income divided by its population, showing the average income per person in a year.Economy & MarketsPerformance Guaranteeकार्यसम्पादन जमानतA performance guarantee is a bank guarantee that compensates the beneficiary if a contractor or supplier fails to perform the contract as agreed.Forex & Trade FinancePerforming Loanसक्रिय कर्जाA performing loan is a loan on which principal and interest are being paid on time or are overdue by at most three months; in Nepal it covers the pass and watchlist classes.Asset QualityPersonal Guaranteeव्यक्तिगत जमानीA personal guarantee is a promise by an individual (or an institution, for a corporate guarantee) to repay a borrower's loan if the borrower fails to pay.Loans & CreditPhillips Curveफिलिप्स वक्रThe Phillips curve shows an inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment in the short run: lower unemployment tends to come with higher inflation, and vice versa.Economy & MarketsPhishingफिसिङPhishing is a social-engineering fraud in which criminals pose as a trusted party through email, SMS, calls or fake websites to trick people into revealing passwords, PINs, OTPs or card details.Payments & Digital BankingPledgeप्लेज (कब्जासहितको धितो)A pledge is the delivery of movable goods or documents to a lender as security, so that the lender holds possession until the loan is repaid while ownership stays with the borrower.Loans & CreditPoint of SalePOSबिक्री बिन्दुA POS terminal is a device at a merchant's counter that accepts card and other electronic payments for goods and services.Payments & Digital BankingPolicy Rateनीतिगत दरThe benchmark interest rate set by NRB that signals its monetary policy stance and around which it aims to keep the interbank rate, placed in the middle of the interest rate corridor.Monetary Policy & NRBPolitically Exposed PersonPEPउच्चपदस्थ व्यक्तिA PEP is a person who holds or has held a prominent public function, such as a head of state, senior politician, senior judge or senior official of a state-owned body, whose position creates higher risk of corruption-related money laundering.Risk & CompliancePost-dated ChequePDCपोस्ट डेटेड चेक (अग्रिम मितिको चेक)A cheque bearing a date later than the date it is issued, which cannot be paid before that date.Cheques & InstrumentsPost-shipment Financeढुवानीपश्चात् वित्तPost-shipment finance is credit given to an exporter after goods are shipped, against export documents, until the export proceeds are received.Forex & Trade FinancePre-shipment Financeढुवानीपूर्व वित्तPre-shipment finance is credit given to an exporter before shipment to buy raw materials, process, pack and ship goods against a confirmed export order or letter of credit.Forex & Trade FinancePreference Shareअग्राधिकार शेयरA preference share gives its holder priority over equity shareholders for a fixed-rate dividend and for repayment of capital on liquidation, usually without normal voting rights.Economy & MarketsPremature Withdrawal of Fixed Depositमुद्दती निक्षेपको अवधिअघि भुक्तानीClosing a fixed deposit and taking the money before the agreed maturity date, usually at a reduced interest rate or with a penalty under the bank's rules.Deposits & AccountsPremium on Deposit Rateनिक्षेप ब्याजदरमा प्रिमियमInterest offered on a deposit above the institution's standard or published rate, for example extra interest on remittance deposits, and the NRB limits on how far deposit rates may vary.Deposits & AccountsPremium over Base Rateआधार दरमाथिको प्रिमियमThe premium is the percentage points a bank adds to its base rate to fix the interest rate on a loan, reflecting the type, tenure and risk of the loan.Loans & CreditPrepaid Cardप्रिपेड कार्डA prepaid card is a payment card loaded in advance with a fixed amount, which can be spent until the loaded value is used up.Payments & Digital BankingPrimary Marketप्राथमिक बजारThe primary market is the part of the capital market where new securities are issued for the first time and the issuing company receives the money.Economy & MarketsPrinciples of Lendingकर्जा लगानीका सिद्धान्तहरूThe principles of lending are the basic rules a bank follows to lend safely and profitably: safety, liquidity, profitability, purpose, security, diversification and the national interest.Loans & CreditProductive / Priority Sector Lendingतोकिएका (उत्पादनशील) क्षेत्रमा कर्जाPriority sector lending is NRB's requirement that banks lend at least a set share of their total loans to sectors the government wants to promote, such as agriculture, energy, tourism and small enterprises.Loans & CreditProfit and Loss Accountनाफा-नोक्सान हिसाबThe profit and loss account summarises an entity's income and expenses over a period to show its net profit or loss.Profitability & Financial AnalysisProject Financingपरियोजना वित्तीयकरणProject financing is long-term lending to a specific project where the loan is repaid mainly from the cash flows the project itself will generate, with the project's assets as the main security.Loans & CreditPromissory NotePNप्रतिज्ञापत्रA signed written undertaking, other than a bank or currency note, by which the maker unconditionally promises to pay a certain sum on a fixed date or on demand to a specified person, that person's order, or the bearer (NI Act, 2034, Section 2(च)).Cheques & InstrumentsPrompt Corrective ActionPCAशीघ्र सुधारात्मक कारबाहीA set of graded supervisory actions that NRB takes automatically when a bank or financial institution's capital adequacy ratio falls below the required minimum, becoming stricter as the shortfall grows.Capital & BaselPublic Debtसार्वजनिक ऋणPublic debt is the total amount the government owes to domestic and foreign lenders, raised to cover budget deficits and finance development.Economy & MarketsPurchasing Power ParityPPPक्रयशक्ति समताPurchasing power parity is the theory that exchange rates should adjust so that the same basket of goods costs the same in different countries when expressed in a common currency.Forex & Trade FinanceQR Code Paymentक्युआर कोड भुक्तानीQR code payment lets a customer pay a merchant or person by scanning a quick response (QR) code with a mobile banking or wallet app.Payments & Digital BankingQuantitative and Qualitative Credit Controlपरिमाणात्मक तथा गुणात्मक कर्जा नियन्त्रणThe two families of central bank tools: quantitative (general) tools that change the overall volume and cost of credit, and qualitative (selective) tools that direct credit toward or away from particular sectors.Monetary Policy & NRBReal Estate Loanरियल स्टेट कर्जा (घरजग्गा कर्जा)A real estate loan is credit for buying, plotting or developing land and for commercial buildings, residential apartments and complexes, as defined in NRB's sector classification.Loans & CreditReal Time Gross SettlementRTGSवास्तविक समय सकल फर्छ्यौटRTGS is a funds transfer system in which high-value and urgent payments between banks are settled individually and immediately in central bank money.Payments & Digital BankingRecurring DepositRDआवर्ती निक्षेपA deposit scheme in which the customer deposits a fixed amount every month (or other interval) for an agreed period and receives the total with interest at maturity.Deposits & AccountsRefinanceपुनरकर्जाConcessional funding that NRB provides to banks and financial institutions against loans they have given to priority or targeted sectors, so that those borrowers get credit at lower interest rates.Monetary Policy & NRBRegulatory Reserveनियमनकारी कोषA reserve that NRB requires banks to create by transferring part of retained earnings so that profits recognised under NFRS but not yet realised, or not acceptable to the regulator, are not paid out as dividends.Capital & BaselRegulatory Sandboxनियामकीय स्यान्डबक्सA regulatory sandbox is a framework in which a regulator allows firms to test innovative financial products or services with real customers for a limited time under relaxed rules and close supervision.Payments & Digital BankingRemittanceविप्रेषणRemittance is money sent from one place or person to another, especially money sent home by people working abroad.Forex & Trade FinanceRemittance Saving Accountविप्रेषण बचत खाताA saving account into which remittances sent home through the banking system by Nepalis working abroad are deposited, and on which NRB requires extra interest.Deposits & AccountsRepoरिपोA transaction in which NRB buys government securities from banks with an agreement that the banks will buy them back on a set date at a set price, injecting short-term liquidity.Monetary Policy & NRBReputation, Strategic, Legal and ESG Risksप्रतिष्ठा, रणनीतिक, कानुनी तथा वातावरणीय-सामाजिक जोखिमThese are risks outside the main credit, market and operational categories: loss of public trust (reputation), poor business decisions (strategic), losses from lawsuits or unenforceable contracts (legal), and environmental, social and climate-related risks.Risk & ComplianceRetail Bankingखुद्रा बैंकिङBanking services offered to individual customers and small businesses, such as saving accounts, fixed deposits, personal, home and auto loans, cards, remittance and digital banking.Banking BasicsRetained Earningsसञ्चित नाफाRetained earnings are the cumulative net profits a company has kept in the business after paying dividends and making appropriations.Profitability & Financial AnalysisReverse Repoरिभर्स रिपोA transaction in which NRB sells government securities to banks with an agreement to buy them back later at a set price, temporarily absorbing excess liquidity.Monetary Policy & NRBRight Shareहकप्रद शेयरA right share is a new share offered by a company to its existing shareholders in proportion to their current holdings, usually at par or a set price, to raise additional capital.Economy & MarketsRisk Appetite and Tolerance Limitजोखिम वहन क्षमता र सहनसीमाRisk appetite is the amount and type of risk a bank's board is willing to take to meet its objectives; the tolerance limit is the maximum deviation from that level the bank can accept.Risk & ComplianceRisk-Based ApproachRBAजोखिममा आधारित पद्धतिA risk-based approach means identifying and assessing money laundering and terrorist financing risks and applying stronger controls where risk is higher and lighter controls where it is lower.Risk & ComplianceRisk-weighted AssetsRWAजोखिम भारित सम्पत्तिA bank's assets and off-balance-sheet exposures weighted by their riskiness, plus capital charges for market and operational risk. It is the denominator of the capital adequacy ratio.Capital & BaselSWIFTSWIFTस्विफ्टSWIFT is a member-owned cooperative that provides a secure network and standard message formats for financial institutions to exchange payment and other financial messages worldwide.Payments & Digital BankingSWIFT CodeBICस्विफ्ट कोडA SWIFT code, or Business Identifier Code (BIC), is an 8 or 11 character code under ISO 9362 that uniquely identifies a bank or financial institution in international messages.Payments & Digital BankingSaving Accountबचत खाताAn interest-bearing deposit account kept for saving, from which the holder can withdraw at any time; in Nepal it may be opened only by natural persons and not-for-profit organisations.Deposits & AccountsSecondary Marketदोस्रो बजारThe secondary market is where previously issued securities are bought and sold among investors, mainly through a stock exchange.Economy & MarketsSecurities Board of NepalSEBONनेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्डSEBON is the apex regulator of Nepal's securities market, responsible for developing the capital market and protecting investors by regulating securities issues, stock exchanges and market intermediaries.InstitutionsShell Bankशेल बैंकA shell bank is a bank that has no physical presence (no real office, management or records) in the country where it is incorporated and licensed, and is not part of a regulated financial group.Risk & Compliance