Pre-shipment Finance

Exporters need working capital between receiving an order and receiving payment. Pre-shipment finance covers the first part of this cycle, up to the point of shipment.

The most common form is packing credit, a short-term loan sanctioned against a confirmed export order or an export LC received in the exporter's favour. The bank releases funds in stages for buying raw materials, manufacturing and packing, and the loan is liquidated from the export proceeds, often by converting it into post-shipment finance when the documents are negotiated.

The bank appraises the exporter's capacity to execute the order, the buyer's and LC-issuing bank's standing, and margins. A red clause LC, which allows the exporter to draw an advance from the advising or negotiating bank before shipment, is another form of pre-shipment finance.

Governments and central banks often promote exports through concessional pre-shipment credit and refinance. In Nepal, NRB's refinance facility has included export credit among eligible sectors, and banks provide export loans within NRB's directives, including in foreign currency where permitted.

Post-shipment finance follows shipment, through negotiation, purchase or discounting of export bills until payment arrives.

निर्यात आदेश पाएदेखि भुक्तानी नआउँदासम्म निर्यातकर्तालाई चालु पुँजी चाहिन्छ। ढुवानीपूर्व वित्तले ढुवानीसम्मको पहिलो चरण समेट्छ।

सबैभन्दा प्रचलित रूप प्याकिङ क्रेडिट हो, जुन पक्का निर्यात आदेश वा निर्यातकर्ताको नाममा आएको प्रतीतपत्रका आधारमा दिइने अल्पकालीन कर्जा हो। बैंकले कच्चा पदार्थ, उत्पादन र प्याकिङका लागि चरणबद्ध रकम दिन्छ र निर्यात आम्दानीबाट वा ढुवानीपछिको वित्तमा परिणत गरी कर्जा चुक्ता हुन्छ।

बैंकले आदेश पूरा गर्ने क्षमता, क्रेता र प्रतीतपत्र जारीकर्ता बैंकको स्थिति र मार्जिन विश्लेषण गर्छ। रेड क्लज LC पनि ढुवानीपूर्व वित्तको रूप हो। नेपालमा नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंकको पुनर्कर्जा सुविधामा निर्यात कर्जा समावेश गरिएको छ। ढुवानीपछि निर्यात बिल वार्ता/डिस्काउन्टमार्फत ढुवानीपछिको वित्त दिइन्छ।