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SWIFTSWIFTस्विफ्टSWIFT is a member-owned cooperative that provides a secure network and standard message formats for financial institutions to exchange payment and other financial messages worldwide.Payments & Digital BankingSWIFT CodeBICस्विफ्ट कोडA SWIFT code, or Business Identifier Code (BIC), is an 8 or 11 character code under ISO 9362 that uniquely identifies a bank or financial institution in international messages.Payments & Digital BankingSaving Accountबचत खाताAn interest-bearing deposit account kept for saving, from which the holder can withdraw at any time; in Nepal it may be opened only by natural persons and not-for-profit organisations.Deposits & AccountsSecondary Marketदोस्रो बजारThe secondary market is where previously issued securities are bought and sold among investors, mainly through a stock exchange.Economy & MarketsSecurities Board of NepalSEBONनेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्डSEBON is the apex regulator of Nepal's securities market, responsible for developing the capital market and protecting investors by regulating securities issues, stock exchanges and market intermediaries.InstitutionsShell Bankशेल बैंकA shell bank is a bank that has no physical presence (no real office, management or records) in the country where it is incorporated and licensed, and is not part of a regulated financial group.Risk & ComplianceSight Letter of Creditदृष्टि प्रतीतपत्रA sight letter of credit is an LC under which payment is made as soon as compliant documents are presented.Forex & Trade FinanceSignificant Increase in Credit Risk (SICR)SICRकर्जा जोखिममा उल्लेख्य वृद्धिA significant increase in credit risk is a marked rise in a loan's risk of default since it was first given, which moves the loan from Stage 1 to Stage 2 and requires lifetime expected credit loss.Asset QualitySimple InterestSIसाधारण ब्याजInterest calculated only on the original principal for the whole period, without adding earlier interest to the principal.Deposits & AccountsSimplified Customer Due DiligenceSDDसरलीकृत ग्राहक पहिचानSimplified due diligence is a lighter set of customer identification measures allowed where the money laundering and terrorist financing risk is assessed as low, mainly to promote financial inclusion.Risk & ComplianceSimplified Standardized ApproachSSAसरलीकृत मानक विधिThe method NRB prescribes for measuring credit risk capital, in which each exposure gets a fixed risk weight set by NRB according to counterparty type, collateral and status, instead of using external or internal ratings.Capital & BaselSoiled and Mutilated Notesझुत्रा तथा बिग्रेका नोटBanknotes that are dirty, worn, torn, burnt, wet, written on or otherwise damaged so that they are no longer fit to be re-issued into circulation.Banking BasicsSpecial Drawing RightsSDRविशेष निकासी अधिकारSpecial Drawing Rights are an international reserve asset created by the IMF and allocated to member countries, valued on a basket of major currencies.Forex & Trade FinanceSpecific Loan Loss Provisionविशेष कर्जा नोक्सानी व्यवस्थाSpecific loan loss provision is the provision kept against identified non-performing loans (substandard, doubtful, loss and restructured) to cover their expected loss.Asset QualitySpot Transactionस्पट कारोबारA spot transaction is a foreign exchange deal settled immediately, normally within two business days, at the current spot rate.Forex & Trade FinanceStagflationस्ट्यागफ्लेसन (मन्दीसहितको मुद्रास्फीति)Stagflation is a situation of high inflation combined with stagnant or falling output and high unemployment.Economy & MarketsStale Chequeम्याद नाघेको चेक (स्टेल चेक)A cheque presented after its validity period has expired, counted from the date written on it, which banks will not pay.Cheques & InstrumentsStandby Letter of CreditSBLCस्ट्यान्डबाइ प्रतीतपत्रA standby letter of credit is a bank's undertaking to pay the beneficiary if the applicant fails to perform an obligation, functioning like a guarantee in LC form.Forex & Trade FinanceStanding Deposit FacilitySDFस्थायी निक्षेप सुविधाA standing window through which banks and financial institutions can deposit surplus funds with NRB at a fixed rate; its rate is the floor of the interest rate corridor.Monetary Policy & NRBStanding Instructionस्थायी निर्देशनA standing instruction is a customer's instruction to the bank to make a fixed payment from their account to a specified beneficiary at regular intervals.Payments & Digital BankingStanding Liquidity FacilitySLFस्थायी तरलता सुविधाA standing window through which banks and financial institutions can borrow short-term funds from NRB against eligible collateral, usually government securities, at the bank rate; it forms the ceiling of the interest rate corridor.Monetary Policy & NRBSterilized Interventionनिष्प्रभावीकृत हस्तक्षेपForeign exchange purchase or sale by the central bank combined with an offsetting domestic operation, so that the intervention does not change the amount of reserve money in the banking system.Monetary Policy & NRBStop Paymentभुक्तानी रोक्का (स्टप पेमेन्ट)A written instruction from the drawer asking the bank not to pay a specific cheque that has been issued but not yet paid.Cheques & InstrumentsStress Testingदबाब परीक्षणStress testing is a forward-looking exercise that applies severe but plausible shocks to a bank's balance sheet to see how its capital, earnings and liquidity would hold up.Risk & ComplianceStructural Liquidityसंरचनागत तरलताLiquidity surplus or shortage in the banking system that is expected to last for a long period, as opposed to short-term or seasonal swings.LiquiditySubordinated Term Debtसहायक आवधिक ऋणUnsecured long-term debt that ranks below depositors and other creditors in liquidation. Banks issue it as debentures that qualify as Tier 2 capital within limits.Capital & BaselSubstandard Loanकमसल कर्जाA substandard loan is a non-performing loan whose principal or interest is overdue by 3 to 6 months, requiring at least a 25% provision.Asset QualitySupplementary Capital (Tier 2)Tier 2पूरक पुँजी (टियर २)The second layer of regulatory capital made of reserves and instruments that absorb losses mainly when a bank fails or is wound up. It counts toward total capital but not toward Tier 1.Capital & BaselSuspicious Activity ReportSARशंकास्पद गतिविधि प्रतिवेदनA SAR is a report to the FIU about suspicious behaviour or an attempted transaction, even where no transaction is completed.Risk & ComplianceSuspicious Transaction ReportSTRशंकास्पद कारोबार प्रतिवेदनAn STR is a report a reporting entity must send to the FIU when it suspects, or has reasonable grounds to suspect, that a customer, transaction or property is linked to money laundering, terrorist financing or another offence.Risk & Compliance