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Macroprudential Regulationसमष्टिगत विवेकशील नियमनRegulatory tools aimed at the stability of the financial system as a whole, limiting system-wide risks such as excessive credit growth or asset bubbles, rather than the safety of individual banks alone.Monetary Policy & NRBManager's Chequeम्यानेजर्स चेक (बैंकर्स चेक)A cheque issued by a bank on itself, signed by its authorised officers, for an amount the customer has already paid to the bank, so that payment is assured.Cheques & InstrumentsMargin Callमार्जिन कलA margin call is a lender's demand that a borrower add cash or more security when the value of pledged shares or gold falls and the loan-to-value ratio rises above the agreed level.Loans & CreditMargin Depositमार्जिन निक्षेपMoney a customer deposits with the bank, and the bank holds back, as partial or full security against a non-funded facility such as a letter of credit or bank guarantee.Deposits & AccountsMargin Lendingमार्जिन प्रकृतिको कर्जा (शेयर धितो कर्जा)Margin lending is a loan given against listed shares pledged as security, where the bank lends only a part of the share value and asks for more security if prices fall.Loans & CreditMargin of SafetyMOSसुरक्षा सीमाMargin of safety is the amount by which actual or budgeted sales exceed break-even sales.Profitability & Financial AnalysisMarket Riskबजार जोखिमMarket risk is the risk of loss from movements in market prices such as interest rates, exchange rates, equity prices and commodity prices.Risk & ComplianceMaterial Alterationमूलभूत केरमेटA change in an essential part of a negotiable instrument, such as the amount, date or payee, that alters its meaning, form or the parties' liability (NI Act, 2034, Section 61).Cheques & InstrumentsMaturity Gap Analysisभुक्तानी अवधि अन्तर विश्लेषणA method that places a bank's assets and liabilities into time bands by remaining maturity and measures the gap between them in each band, to show when the bank may face a funding shortfall.RatioLiquidityMerchant Discount RateMDRमर्चेन्ट डिस्काउन्ट दरThe merchant discount rate is the fee, usually a percentage of the transaction value, that a merchant pays its acquiring bank for accepting card or digital payments.Payments & Digital BankingMerger and AcquisitionM&Aगाभ्ने गाभिने तथा प्राप्तिA merger combines two or more BFIs into one (either a new entity or the survivor), while an acquisition is one BFI buying all or a controlling part of another's assets, liabilities or shares.Banking BasicsMerger and Acquisition Bylaws, 2073बैङ्क तथा वित्तीय संस्था एक आपसमा गाभ्ने गाभिने (मर्जर) तथा प्राप्ति (एक्विजिशन) सम्बन्धी विनियमावली, २०७३Nepal Rastra Bank bylaws that set the procedure, approvals and conditions for mergers and acquisitions of banks and financial institutions under Chapter 10 of BAFIA, 2073.ActBanking Laws (Acts)MeroShareमेरो शेयरMeroShare is the online portal of CDS and Clearing Limited through which investors view their demat holdings, apply for public issues through C-ASBA and manage share transfers.Payments & Digital BankingMicroeconomics and Macroeconomicsसूक्ष्म अर्थशास्त्र र बृहत् अर्थशास्त्रMicroeconomics studies the behaviour of individual units such as consumers, firms and markets; macroeconomics studies the economy as a whole, including national income, inflation, unemployment and growth.Economy & MarketsMinimum Balanceन्यूनतम मौज्दातThe lowest amount a bank asks a customer to keep in a current or saving account under the product's terms.Deposits & AccountsMinimum Paid-up Capital Requirementन्यूनतम चुक्ता पुँजीThe smallest amount of paid-up capital NRB requires a licensed bank or financial institution of each class and operating area to hold.Capital & BaselMinor's Accountनाबालकको खाताA deposit account opened in the name of a person below the age of majority, operated by a natural or legal guardian until the minor becomes an adult.Deposits & AccountsMobile (Ghumti) Banking Serviceघुम्ती बैंकिङ सेवाBanking service provided from an office set up in a vehicle that visits places without banking access on a schedule, under NRB's Unified Directive.Banking BasicsMobile Bankingमोबाइल बैंकिङMobile banking is the provision of banking services through a mobile phone, using an app, USSD or SMS, so customers can check balances, transfer funds and make payments.Payments & Digital BankingMonetary Policyमौद्रिक नीतिThe central bank's policy of managing money supply, interest rates and liquidity to achieve price stability, external stability and support for economic growth.Monetary Policy & NRBMonetary Transmission Mechanismमौद्रिक प्रसार संयन्त्रThe channels through which a change in the central bank's policy rate or liquidity affects market interest rates, credit, asset prices, the exchange rate and finally output and inflation.Monetary Policy & NRBMoney LaunderingMLसम्पत्ति शुद्धीकरणMoney laundering is converting, transferring, hiding or using property derived from crime so that its illegal origin is concealed and it appears legitimate.Risk & ComplianceMoney Marketमुद्रा बजारThe money market is the market for borrowing and lending short-term funds, usually with maturities of up to one year, through instruments such as treasury bills, interbank loans, repo and call money.Economy & MarketsMoney Multipliermमुद्रा गुणकThe ratio of the money supply to reserve money, showing how many rupees of money the banking system creates from each rupee of high-powered money.RatioMonetary Policy & NRBMoney Supply (M1, M2)मुद्राप्रदायThe total stock of money held by the public in an economy. NRB measures it as narrow money (M1), M1+, broad money (M2) and broad money liquidity (M3).Monetary Policy & NRBMoral Suasionनैतिक दबाबA qualitative monetary tool in which the central bank persuades banks, through meetings, appeals and public statements, to act in line with policy without issuing binding rules.Monetary Policy & NRBMortgage Loanधितोबन्धक कर्जा (मोर्गेज कर्जा)A mortgage loan is a loan secured by immovable property such as land or a building, where the borrower keeps possession but the lender holds a registered charge until the loan is repaid.Loans & CreditMultiple Bankingबहुबैंकिङ कर्जाMultiple banking is when one borrower takes separate loans from several banks without a common consortium agreement, each bank lending and securing its loan on its own.Loans & CreditMutual EvaluationMERपारस्परिक मूल्याङ्कनA mutual evaluation is a peer review in which experts from other member countries assess a country's technical compliance with the FATF Recommendations and the effectiveness of its AML/CFT system.Risk & ComplianceMutual Fundसामूहिक लगानी कोषA mutual fund pools money from many investors and invests it in a diversified portfolio of securities managed by a professional fund manager, with investors owning units of the fund.Economy & Markets