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Saving Accountबचत खाताAn interest-bearing deposit account kept for saving, from which the holder can withdraw at any time; in Nepal it may be opened only by natural persons and not-for-profit organisations.Deposits & AccountsSecondary Marketदोस्रो बजारThe secondary market is where previously issued securities are bought and sold among investors, mainly through a stock exchange.Economy & MarketsSectoral Credit Concentrationक्षेत्रगत कर्जा सघनताSectoral credit concentration is the share of a bank's total loans given to one sector of the economy; NRB caps it to avoid too much exposure to any single sector.RatioAsset QualitySecurities Board of NepalSEBONनेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्डSEBON is the apex regulator of Nepal's securities market, responsible for developing the capital market and protecting investors by regulating securities issues, stock exchanges and market intermediaries.InstitutionsShell Bankशेल बैंकA shell bank is a bank that has no physical presence (no real office, management or records) in the country where it is incorporated and licensed, and is not part of a regulated financial group.Risk & ComplianceSignificant Increase in Credit Risk (SICR)SICRकर्जा जोखिममा उल्लेख्य वृद्धिA significant increase in credit risk is a marked rise in a loan's risk of default since it was first given, which moves the loan from Stage 1 to Stage 2 and requires lifetime expected credit loss.Asset QualitySimple InterestSIसाधारण ब्याजInterest calculated only on the original principal for the whole period, without adding earlier interest to the principal.Deposits & AccountsSimplified Customer Due DiligenceSDDसरलीकृत ग्राहक पहिचानSimplified due diligence is a lighter set of customer identification measures allowed where the money laundering and terrorist financing risk is assessed as low, mainly to promote financial inclusion.Risk & ComplianceSingle Obligor LimitSOLएकल ग्राहक कर्जा सीमाThe single obligor limit is the maximum a bank may lend, in fund-based and non-fund-based facilities together, to one customer or to a group of related customers, set as a percentage of the bank's core capital.RatioAsset QualitySpecific Loan Loss Provisionविशेष कर्जा नोक्सानी व्यवस्थाSpecific loan loss provision is the provision kept against identified non-performing loans (substandard, doubtful, loss and restructured) to cover their expected loss.Asset QualityStagflationस्ट्यागफ्लेसन (मन्दीसहितको मुद्रास्फीति)Stagflation is a situation of high inflation combined with stagnant or falling output and high unemployment.Economy & MarketsStale Chequeम्याद नाघेको चेक (स्टेल चेक)A cheque presented after its validity period has expired, counted from the date written on it, which banks will not pay.Cheques & InstrumentsStanding Deposit FacilitySDFस्थायी निक्षेप सुविधाA standing window through which banks and financial institutions can deposit surplus funds with NRB at a fixed rate; its rate is the floor of the interest rate corridor.Monetary Policy & NRBStanding Liquidity FacilitySLFस्थायी तरलता सुविधाA standing window through which banks and financial institutions can borrow short-term funds from NRB against eligible collateral, usually government securities, at the bank rate; it forms the ceiling of the interest rate corridor.Monetary Policy & NRBStatutory Liquidity RatioSLRवैधानिक तरलता अनुपातThe minimum share of domestic deposits that a bank must hold in specified liquid assets such as government securities, cash in vault and its CRR balance with NRB.RatioLiquidityStress Testingदबाब परीक्षणStress testing is a forward-looking exercise that applies severe but plausible shocks to a bank's balance sheet to see how its capital, earnings and liquidity would hold up.Risk & ComplianceSubstandard Loanकमसल कर्जाA substandard loan is a non-performing loan whose principal or interest is overdue by 3 to 6 months, requiring at least a 25% provision.Asset QualitySupplementary Capital (Tier 2)Tier 2पूरक पुँजी (टियर २)The second layer of regulatory capital made of reserves and instruments that absorb losses mainly when a bank fails or is wound up. It counts toward total capital but not toward Tier 1.Capital & BaselSuspicious Activity ReportSARशंकास्पद गतिविधि प्रतिवेदनA SAR is a report to the FIU about suspicious behaviour or an attempted transaction, even where no transaction is completed.Risk & ComplianceSuspicious Transaction ReportSTRशंकास्पद कारोबार प्रतिवेदनAn STR is a report a reporting entity must send to the FIU when it suspects, or has reasonable grounds to suspect, that a customer, transaction or property is linked to money laundering, terrorist financing or another offence.Risk & Compliance