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Bank Rateबैंक दरThe rate at which NRB provides standing liquidity to banks and financial institutions; it forms the upper bound of the interest rate corridor and is the reference for NRB penalties.Monetary Policy & NRBBank and Financial Institution (BFI)BFIबैंक तथा वित्तीय संस्थाA public limited company licensed by Nepal Rastra Bank under the Bank and Financial Institution Act, 2073 to carry out banking and financial transactions such as accepting deposits and lending.Banking BasicsBank for International SettlementsBISअन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फर्स्यौट बैंकThe BIS is an international financial institution owned by central banks that supports their pursuit of monetary and financial stability through international cooperation and acts as a bank for central banks.InstitutionsBanking Offenceबैंकिङ कसुरA banking offence is an act prohibited by the Banking Offence and Punishment Act, 2064, such as opening accounts or withdrawing money without authority, misusing loans or forging bank documents, which harms the banking and financial system.Risk & ComplianceBanking Secrecyबैंकिङ गोपनीयताThe legal duty of a BFI to keep its relationship with customers and their accounts, ledgers and records confidential, except where the law requires disclosure.Banking BasicsBase Rateआधार दरThe base rate is the minimum reference interest rate of a bank, worked out from its cost of funds and regulatory costs, on which the bank adds a premium to price its loans.Loans & CreditBasel Committee on Banking SupervisionBCBSबासेल बैंकिङ सुपरिवेक्षण समितिThe international standard setter for the prudential regulation of banks, hosted by the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland. It issued Basel I, II and III.Capital & BaselBasel Iबासेल १The first international capital standard, agreed by the Basel Committee in 1988, requiring banks to hold capital of at least 8% of risk-weighted assets, mainly for credit risk.Capital & BaselBasel IIबासेल २The revised capital framework released by the Basel Committee in June 2004 that made capital more risk-sensitive and organised regulation into three pillars.Capital & BaselBasel IIIबासेल ३The Basel Committee's post-2008 reform package that raises the quality and quantity of bank capital, adds capital buffers and a leverage ratio, and introduces global liquidity standards (LCR and NSFR).Capital & BaselBearer Chequeधारक चेक (बियरर चेक)A cheque payable to whoever presents it ("pay ... or bearer"), which can be transferred simply by handing it over.Cheques & InstrumentsBeneficial OwnerBOवास्तविक धनीA beneficial owner is the natural person who ultimately owns or controls a customer or on whose behalf a transaction is carried out, even if the account is in another person's or a company's name.Risk & ComplianceBills Purchase and Discountingबिल्स खरिद तथा डिस्काउन्टिङBills purchase and discounting is short-term finance in which the bank pays a customer the value of a bill of exchange or trade bill before its due date, after deducting interest (the discount), and collects the full amount on maturity.Loans & CreditBlacklistingकालोसूचीBlacklisting is the listing of a defaulting borrower, and related parties, in the Credit Information Bureau's blacklist, which bars them from getting new loans from any bank or financial institution.Loans & CreditBondबन्ड (ऋणपत्र)A bond is a debt security in which the issuer borrows money from investors and promises to pay periodic interest (coupon) and repay the face value at maturity.Economy & MarketsBonus Shareबोनस शेयरA bonus share is a free additional share given to existing shareholders by capitalising the company's accumulated profits or reserves, in proportion to their holdings.Economy & MarketsBusiness Continuity Plan and Disaster RecoveryBCP/DRव्यवसाय निरन्तरता योजना तथा विपद् पुनर्लाभA business continuity plan sets out how a bank keeps critical services running during disruptions such as earthquakes, fires, pandemics or system failures; disaster recovery covers restoring IT systems and data, usually from a backup site.Risk & Compliance