Debt Service to Income Ratio (DTI)DTI
ऋण भुक्तानी आम्दानी अनुपात
Also called Debt Service to Gross Income Ratio, DSTI, Debt-to-income ratio
Formula
DTI = Total debt service (principal + interest on all loans) ÷ Gross income × 100
- Numerator
- Total principal and interest the borrower must pay on all loans in the period
- Denominator
- Borrower's gross income for the same period (supported by tax documents)
NRB limit: Maximum 50% for individual term loans, hire purchase and other instalment-based non-business loans and personal overdrafts; maximum 70% for loans to buy or build a house or land
NRB Unified Directive 2082 (Class A, B, C), issued Magh 2082 · applies from . Limits change with each monetary policy and directive, so check the latest notice before the exam.
The debt service to income ratio compares a borrower's total loan repayments (principal and interest) with his or her gross income over the same period.
What the value tells you
A higher DTI means more of the borrower's income is tied up in repayments and less room to absorb shocks, so the risk of default is higher.
Explained
DTI tests repayment capacity: it shows what share of income is already committed to servicing debt. NRB calls it the Debt Service to Gross Income Ratio and uses it as a macroprudential tool for personal lending.
NRB rules (Unified Directive 2082, Directive 2)
- The cap applies to individual-type term loans, hire purchase and other instalment-based non-business loans, and personal overdrafts, and separately to loans for buying or building a house.
- The borrower's income must be backed by verifiable documents. Taxable income must be counted on the basis of tax paid or an up-to-date tax clearance certificate.
- The bank must update the ratio during the life of the loan using the borrower's income details.
- A loan sanctioned above the cap must be classified as watchlist.
- For first-time home buyer loans, rental income from the house cannot be shown as income.
Example
A borrower with gross income of Rs 1,20,000 a month pays EMIs of Rs 50,000 on a home loan and Rs 10,000 on a car loan: DTI = 60,000 ÷ 1,20,000 × 100 = 50%.
ऋण भुक्तानी आम्दानी अनुपातले ऋणीले सबै कर्जामा तिर्नुपर्ने साँवा र ब्याजलाई सोही अवधिको कुल आम्दानीसँग तुलना गर्छ।
अनुपातले के देखाउँछ
अनुपात बढी भए आम्दानीको धेरै भाग किस्तामा जाने र झट्का सहने क्षमता कम हुने भएकाले कर्जा नतिर्ने जोखिम बढी हुन्छ।
व्याख्या
यो अनुपातले ऋण तिर्ने क्षमता जाँच्छ: आम्दानीको कति अंश पहिल्यै ऋण भुक्तानीमा प्रतिबद्ध छ भन्ने देखाउँछ। नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंकले यसलाई ऋण भुक्तानी आम्दानी अनुपात (Debt Service to Gross Income Ratio) भनेको छ र व्यक्तिगत कर्जामा समष्टिगत विवेकशील औजारका रूपमा प्रयोग गर्छ।
नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंकका व्यवस्था (एकीकृत निर्देशन, २०८२, निर्देशन नं. २)
- व्यक्तिगत प्रकृतिका आवधिक कर्जा, हायरपर्चेज लगायत किस्तामा आधारित गैरव्यावसायिक कर्जा र व्यक्तिगत अधिविकर्षमा तथा घर जग्गा खरिद/निर्माण कर्जामा छुट्टाछुट्टै सीमा लागू हुन्छ।
- ऋणीको आयस्रोत खुल्ने प्रमाणित कागजात चाहिन्छ। कर लाग्ने आयको हकमा कर चुक्ता/दाखिला वा अद्यावधिक कर चुक्ता प्रमाणपत्रका आधारमा वार्षिक कुल आय गणना गर्नुपर्छ।
- कर्जा अवधिभर ऋणीको आम्दानी विवरण लिई अनुपात अद्यावधिक गर्नुपर्छ।
- अधिकतम सीमाभन्दा बढी हुने गरी प्रवाहित कर्जा सूक्ष्म निगरानी वर्गमा राख्नुपर्छ।
- पहिलो पटक घर लिनेको कर्जामा घरभाडालाई आम्दानीका रूपमा देखाउन पाइँदैन।
उदाहरण
मासिक कुल आम्दानी रु. १,२०,००० भएका ऋणीले घर कर्जामा रु. ५०,००० र गाडी कर्जामा रु. १०,००० किस्ता तिर्छन्: अनुपात = ६०,००० ÷ १,२०,००० × १०० = ५०%।
Related
Sources
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