Fintech

Fintech covers a broad range of innovations, including:

• Digital payments: wallets, QR payments, payment gateways and real-time transfers.
• Digital lending: online loan applications, automated credit scoring and peer-to-peer lending.
• Investment technology: online share trading and robo-advisors.
• Insurance technology (insurtech) and regulatory technology (regtech).
• Blockchain, distributed ledgers and digital currencies.
• Electronic KYC, biometric authentication and open banking APIs.

Fintech lowers costs, speeds up services and reaches people who were excluded from traditional banking, supporting financial inclusion. It also creates new risks: cybersecurity, fraud, data privacy, consumer protection and activities that fall outside existing regulation.

In Nepal, the most developed fintech segment is payments, regulated by NRB through PSP and PSO licensing under the Payment and Settlement Act, 2075. NRB has articulated fintech and digital payment strategies, and regulators worldwide use tools such as regulatory sandboxes to test innovations in a controlled way. Banks increasingly partner with fintech firms rather than only competing with them.

फिनटेकमा डिजिटल भुक्तानी (वालेट, क्युआर, पेमेन्ट गेटवे), डिजिटल कर्जा (अनलाइन आवेदन, स्वचालित क्रेडिट स्कोरिङ, पियर-टु-पियर कर्जा), अनलाइन शेयर कारोबार, इन्सुरटेक र रेगटेक, ब्लकचेन र डिजिटल मुद्रा, विद्युतीय KYC र खुला बैंकिङ API पर्छन्।

यसले लागत घटाउँछ, सेवा छिटो बनाउँछ र वित्तीय पहुँच विस्तार गर्छ। साथै साइबर सुरक्षा, ठगी, गोपनीयता र उपभोक्ता संरक्षणका नयाँ जोखिम ल्याउँछ।

नेपालमा भुक्तानी क्षेत्र सबैभन्दा विकसित फिनटेक हो, जसलाई नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंकले भुक्तानी तथा फर्छ्यौट ऐन, २०७५ अन्तर्गत PSP र PSO इजाजतमार्फत नियमन गर्छ। नियामकहरूले नियामकीय स्यान्डबक्समार्फत नवप्रवर्तन परीक्षण गर्छन्।