Open Banking

Traditionally, a customer's account data and payment capability were locked inside their bank. Open banking allows a customer to let a licensed third party, such as a budgeting app, a lender or a payment initiator, access account information or initiate payments on their behalf through secure application programming interfaces (APIs), without sharing passwords.

Two common services are account information services (aggregating balances and transactions across banks) and payment initiation services (paying directly from a bank account at checkout).

Benefits include more competition and innovation, better credit assessment from verified transaction data, and easier account-to-account payments. Risks include data privacy breaches, fraud and unclear liability, so open banking requires clear consent, strong authentication, standards and regulation.

In Nepal, a full open banking regime has not been mandated, but API-based access is growing: NCHL's National Payments Interface and connectIPS APIs, along with bank-wallet integrations, allow third parties to build services on top of bank accounts under NRB oversight.

पहिले ग्राहकको खाता तथ्याङ्क र भुक्तानी क्षमता बैंकभित्रै सीमित थियो। खुला बैंकिङमा ग्राहकले पासवर्ड नदिई सुरक्षित API मार्फत इजाजतप्राप्त तेस्रो पक्ष (बजेट एप, ऋणदाता, भुक्तानी सुरु गर्ने सेवा) लाई खाता विवरण हेर्न वा भुक्तानी सुरु गर्न अनुमति दिन्छन्।

दुई मुख्य सेवा: खाता सूचना सेवा र भुक्तानी सुरुवात सेवा। फाइदा: प्रतिस्पर्धा, नवप्रवर्तन, राम्रो कर्जा मूल्याङ्कन र सजिलो खाता-खाता भुक्तानी। जोखिम: गोपनीयता उल्लङ्घन, ठगी र अस्पष्ट दायित्व। नेपालमा पूर्ण खुला बैंकिङ व्यवस्था अनिवार्य नभए पनि नेपाल क्लियरिङ हाउसको NPI, connectIPS API र बैंक-वालेट एकीकरणले API मा आधारित सेवा बढाएका छन्।