Deprived Sector Lending
विपन्न वर्ग कर्जा
Also called Deprived sector credit, Deprived sector lending requirement
Formula
Deprived sector lending ratio = Deprived sector loans (direct + indirect) ÷ Total loans and advances (including bills purchased and discounted) of six months earlier × 100
- Numerator
- Outstanding direct and indirect deprived sector loans
- Denominator
- Total outstanding loans and advances, including bills purchased and discounted, as of six months earlier
NRB limit: Minimum 5.0% of total loans and advances (including bills purchased and discounted) for Class A, B and C institutions
NRB Unified Directive 2082 (Class A, B, C), issued Magh 2082 · applies from . Limits change with each monetary policy and directive, so check the latest notice before the exam.
Deprived sector lending is the minimum share of total loans that NRB requires banks to lend to low-income and socially backward people, directly or through microfinance institutions.
What the value tells you
A ratio at or above the minimum means the bank meets NRB's financial inclusion requirement; a shortfall attracts a penalty on the shortfall amount.
Explained
NRB defines the deprived sector as low-income and especially socially backward women, indigenous people, Dalits, differently abled persons, marginalised communities, small farmers, artisans, labourers and landless families. Micro-loans for self-employment within NRB limits count as deprived sector loans.
What counts (examples from Directive 17)
- Direct: micro-enterprise loans up to Rs 5 lakh per member (Rs 7 lakh after two years of good repayment), foreign employment loans up to Rs 3 lakh (Rs 5 lakh for women), renewable energy loans up to Rs 2 lakh per family, interest-subsidised concessional loans, low-cost housing loans up to Rs 7 lakh, small business loans up to Rs 10 lakh, and others listed.
- Indirect: wholesale loans to Class D microfinance institutions (at most 40% of the bank's total wholesale lending to any one MFI), investment in MFI debentures and promoter shares.
Other rules: compliance is checked every quarter on total loans of six months earlier; shortfall is fined at the highest lending rate on the shortfall; deprived loans to target groups get at least 1 point interest concession; extra 20% provision does not apply to guarantee-based deprived loans.
In Nepal
Circular 1 of 2083/84 widened the list of qualifying loans, for example agriculture business loans up to Rs 30 lakh and new items for transport of farm inputs, local skills and enterprises employing deprived groups.
विपन्न वर्ग कर्जा भनेको न्यून आय भएका र सामाजिक रूपमा पछाडि परेका वर्गमा प्रत्यक्ष वा लघुवित्तमार्फत प्रवाह गर्नुपर्ने कुल कर्जाको न्यूनतम अंश हो।
अनुपातले के देखाउँछ
अनुपात न्यूनतम वा बढी भए बैंकले वित्तीय समावेशीकरणको अनिवार्यता पूरा गरेको हुन्छ; नपुग भए नपुग रकममा हर्जाना लाग्छ।
व्याख्या
नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंकले विपन्न वर्ग भन्नाले न्यून आय भएका र खासगरी सामाजिक रूपमा पिछडिएका महिला, जनजाति, दलित, फरक ढंगले सक्षम व्यक्ति, सीमान्तकृत समुदाय, साना किसान, कालिगढ, मजदुर र भूमिहीन परिवारलाई जनाएको छ। तोकिएको सीमाभित्र स्वरोजगारमूलक लघु कर्जा विपन्न वर्ग कर्जामा गणना हुन्छ।
गणना हुने कर्जा (निर्देशन नं. १७ का उदाहरण)
- प्रत्यक्ष: प्रति सदस्य रु. ५ लाखसम्मको लघु उद्यम कर्जा (दुई वर्ष असल रहे रु. ७ लाख), रु. ३ लाखसम्मको वैदेशिक रोजगार कर्जा (महिलालाई रु. ५ लाख), प्रतिपरिवार रु. २ लाखसम्मको नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा कर्जा, सहुलियतपूर्ण कर्जा, रु. ७ लाखसम्मको न्यून लागत आवास कर्जा, रु. १० लाखसम्मको साना व्यवसाय कर्जा आदि।
- अप्रत्यक्ष: "घ" वर्गका लघुवित्त संस्थालाई थोक कर्जा (कुनै एक लघुवित्तमा कुल थोक कर्जाको बढीमा ४० प्रतिशत), लघुवित्तको ऋणपत्र र संस्थापक शेयरमा लगानी।
अन्य व्यवस्था: ६ महिना अघिको कुल कर्जाका आधारमा प्रत्येक त्रयमासमा गणना गरिन्छ; नपुग रकममा कर्जाको अधिकतम ब्याजदरले हर्जाना लाग्छ; लक्षित वर्गलाई कम्तीमा १ प्रतिशत बिन्दु ब्याज सहुलियत दिनुपर्छ; जमानीमा प्रवाहित विपन्न वर्ग कर्जामा थप २० प्रतिशत व्यवस्था लाग्दैन।
नेपालमा
परिपत्र नं. १ (२०८३/८४) ले गणना हुने कर्जाको सूची विस्तार गरेको छ, जस्तै रु. ३० लाखसम्मको कृषि व्यवसाय कर्जा, कृषि सामग्री ढुवानी, रैथाने सीप र विपन्न वर्गलाई रोजगारी दिने उद्यमसम्बन्धी नयाँ व्यवस्था।
Related
Sources
- NRB Unified Directive 2082 for Class A, B and C licensed institutionsNepal Rastra Bank
- NRB Circular 1 (2083/84) amending Unified Directive 2082Nepal Rastra Bank
Updated