Foreign Exchange Risk
विदेशी विनिमय जोखिम
Also called Currency Risk, Exchange Rate Risk, Net Open Position
NRB rules
NRB limit: Daily net open foreign exchange position up to 30% of the previous quarter's core (Tier 1) capital
NRB Unified Directive 2082, Directive 5, point 9(5) · applies from . Limits change with each monetary policy and directive, so check the latest notice before the exam.
Foreign exchange risk is the risk that changes in exchange rates reduce a bank's income or capital because of mismatches between its foreign currency assets and liabilities.
Explained
A bank holding more foreign currency assets than liabilities (a long position) loses if the foreign currency weakens; a short position loses if it strengthens. The difference is the net open position (NOP).
NRB Directive 5, point 9 requires:
- policies to manage exchange rate risk and assessment of its effect on income and capital;
- a monthly foreign exchange statement (Annex 5.3) to NRB within 7 days of month end;
- an exchange fluctuation fund as set in Directive 4;
- classification of currencies by short-term (one month or less) and long-term maturity, showing the net position of both;
- a daily net open position limit of up to 30% of the previous quarter's core capital; if exceeded, the BFI must bring it within the limit within one month or face action under the NRB Act. The NOP calculation includes convertible foreign currency deposit liabilities, forward purchases and sales and other derivatives.
विदेशी मुद्राका सम्पत्ति र दायित्वबीच असन्तुलन हुँदा विनिमयदरमा आउने परिवर्तनले बैंकको आम्दानी वा पुँजी घट्ने सम्भावना विदेशी विनिमय जोखिम हो।
व्याख्या
विदेशी मुद्रामा दायित्वभन्दा सम्पत्ति बढी (long स्थिति) भए विदेशी मुद्रा कमजोर हुँदा र दायित्व बढी (short स्थिति) भए बलियो हुँदा नोक्सानी हुन्छ। यो फरक खुद खुला स्थिति हो।
निर्देशन नं. ५ को बुँदा ९ अनुसार:
- विनिमयदर जोखिम व्यवस्थापन नीति र आम्दानी तथा पुँजीमा असरको मूल्याङ्कन;
- मासिक विवरण (अनुसूची ५.३) महिना बितेको ७ दिनभित्र राष्ट्र बैंकमा;
- निर्देशन नं. ४ अनुसार सटही घटबढ कोष;
- अल्पकालीन (१ महिना वा कम) र दीर्घकालीन अवधिमा मुद्रागत वर्गीकरण गरी खुद स्थिति देखाउने;
- दैनिक खुद खुला स्थिति अघिल्लो त्रैमासको प्राथमिक पुँजीको ३० प्रतिशत सम्म; नाघेमा १ महिनाभित्र सीमाभित्र ल्याउनुपर्ने, नल्याए राष्ट्र बैंक ऐनअनुसार कारबाही। गणनामा परिवर्त्य विदेशी मुद्रा निक्षेप, अग्रिम खरिद-बिक्री र अन्य डेरिभेटिभ पनि समावेश हुन्छन्।
Related
Sources
- NRB Unified Directive 2082 (A, B and C class), Directive 5, point 9Nepal Rastra Bank
Updated