EMV Chip CardEMV

EMV is named after Europay, Mastercard and Visa, which developed the standard; it is now managed by EMVCo, owned by the major card networks. Magnetic stripe cards store static data that can be copied easily through skimming. An EMV chip instead holds secret keys and creates a dynamic cryptogram for every transaction, so copied data cannot be reused to create a working counterfeit card.

EMV cards may be used by inserting the card in the terminal (contact) or by tapping (contactless EMV). Cardholder verification is usually by PIN.

The shift to EMV also involved a liability shift: if a non-EMV terminal or card is used and counterfeit fraud occurs, the party that has not adopted EMV generally bears the loss under card scheme rules.

In Nepal, NRB has required banks to issue chip-based cards and upgrade ATMs and POS terminals for EMV compliance as part of card security measures, reducing skimming fraud. Customers whose old magnetic stripe cards are replaced receive chip cards.

EMV नाम Europay, Mastercard र Visa बाट आएको हो र अहिले EMVCo ले मापदण्ड व्यवस्थापन गर्छ। म्याग्नेटिक स्ट्रिप कार्डमा स्थिर तथ्याङ्क हुने भएकाले स्किमिङबाट सजिलै नक्कल हुन्छ। EMV चिपले गोप्य कुञ्जी राखी प्रत्येक कारोबारमा फरक क्रिप्टोग्राम बनाउने भएकाले नक्कल गरिएको तथ्याङ्कबाट काम गर्ने नक्कली कार्ड बनाउन सकिँदैन।

कार्ड घुसाएर (contact) वा ट्याप गरेर (contactless) प्रयोग गरिन्छ र प्रायः PIN ले प्रमाणीकरण हुन्छ। EMV नअपनाउने पक्षले ठगीको नोक्सानी बेहोर्ने दायित्व स्थानान्तरण नियम पनि छ। नेपालमा कार्ड सुरक्षाका लागि चिपमा आधारित कार्ड र EMV अनुरूप एटिएम/POS अनिवार्य गरिएको छ।