CAMELS RatingCAMELS

CAMELS originated in US bank supervision and is now used by many central banks. Each component is rated on a scale of 1 (strongest) to 5 (weakest), and a composite rating summarises the bank's overall condition.

• C – Capital adequacy: capital relative to risk-weighted assets, quality of capital.
• A – Asset quality: NPL ratio, provisioning, concentration of credit.
• M – Management: governance, risk management, internal control, compliance.
• E – Earnings: ROA, NIM, cost-to-income, quality and sustainability of profit.
• L – Liquidity: liquid assets, deposit concentration, funding stability.
• S – Sensitivity to market risk: exposure to interest rate, foreign exchange and price risk.

The original CAMEL framework had five components; 'S' was added in 1996. Ratings are generally confidential and are used by supervisors to decide the intensity of supervision and corrective action.

NRB uses CAMELS-based assessment within its supervisory framework for BFIs, alongside risk-based supervision.

CAMELS अमेरिकी बैंक सुपरिवेक्षणबाट सुरु भई धेरै केन्द्रीय बैंकले प्रयोग गर्ने प्रणाली हो। प्रत्येक घटकलाई १ (सबैभन्दा बलियो) देखि ५ (सबैभन्दा कमजोर) सम्म अङ्क दिइन्छ र समग्र अङ्कले बैंकको अवस्था देखाउँछ।

• C: पुँजी पर्याप्तता।
• A: सम्पत्तिको गुणस्तर (निष्क्रिय कर्जा, कर्जा नोक्सानी व्यवस्था)।
• M: व्यवस्थापन (सुशासन, जोखिम व्यवस्थापन, आन्तरिक नियन्त्रण)।
• E: आम्दानी (ROA, NIM, लागत-आम्दानी)।
• L: तरलता।
• S: बजार जोखिमप्रतिको संवेदनशीलता (ब्याजदर, विदेशी विनिमय, मूल्य जोखिम)।

मूल CAMEL मा पाँच घटक थिए; १९९६ मा S थपियो। नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंकले जोखिममा आधारित सुपरिवेक्षणसँगै CAMELS मा आधारित मूल्याङ्कन प्रयोग गर्छ।