Interest Spread Rate
ब्याजदर अन्तर
Also called Interest Rate Spread, Spread Rate
Formula
Interest spread = Weighted average interest rate on loans − Weighted average interest rate on deposits
- Numerator
- Weighted average interest rate on loans and advances
- Denominator
- Weighted average interest rate on deposits (subtracted, not divided)
NRB limit: Average interest spread at most 4.0% for Class A commercial banks and 4.6% for Class B and C institutions
NRB Unified Directive 2082, Directive 15/082 · applies from . Limits change with each monetary policy and directive, so check the latest notice before the exam.
Interest spread rate is the difference between the average interest rate a bank earns on its loans and the average interest rate it pays on its deposits.
What the value tells you
A wider spread means higher intermediation margin for the bank and costlier credit for borrowers; a narrower spread signals competitive pricing or regulatory pressure.
Explained
The spread is the gross margin of a bank's intermediation business. It is computed from the weighted average interest rate on loans and advances minus the weighted average interest rate on deposits, expressed in percentage points.
In Nepal the spread is a regulated figure. Nepal Rastra Bank sets a ceiling on the average interest spread of banks and financial institutions through its monetary policy and unified directives, with separate ceilings for commercial banks and for development banks and finance companies. The ceiling has been revised several times, so candidates should check the latest monetary policy for the current figure.
Banks publish their monthly average spread along with the base rate. A narrower spread helps borrowers and depositors but reduces bank income, while a wider spread raises profit but may draw regulatory action. The spread differs from the net interest margin: the spread compares rates, while NIM compares net interest income with earning assets.
Example
Average lending rate 9.6% and average deposit rate 5.8%. Spread = 9.6 − 5.8 = 3.8 percentage points.
In Nepal
NRB requires every bank and financial institution to calculate its average spread between lending and deposit rates each month, publish it on its website and in quarterly results, and keep it within the cap: 4.0% for Class A commercial banks and 4.6% for Class B and C institutions, in force since Asar 2080. A spread above the cap in any month must be brought back within the same quarter. Breaching it can stop new branches, refinance and cash dividends, and leads to action against the board and chief executive under the NRB Act 2058.
बैंकले कर्जामा लिने औसत ब्याजदर र निक्षेपमा दिने औसत ब्याजदरबीचको फरकलाई ब्याजदर अन्तर (स्प्रेड दर) भनिन्छ।
अनुपातले के देखाउँछ
फराकिलो अन्तरले बैंकको मार्जिन बढी र ऋणीका लागि महँगो कर्जा देखाउँछ; साँघुरो अन्तरले प्रतिस्पर्धी मूल्य वा नियामकीय दबाब देखाउँछ।
व्याख्या
ब्याजदर अन्तर बैंकको मध्यस्थता कारोबारको सकल मार्जिन हो। कर्जा तथा सापटीको भारित औसत ब्याजदरबाट निक्षेपको भारित औसत ब्याजदर घटाएर प्रतिशत बिन्दुमा निकालिन्छ।
नेपालमा नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंकले मौद्रिक नीति र एकीकृत निर्देशनमार्फत वाणिज्य बैंक तथा विकास बैंक/वित्त कम्पनीका लागि छुट्टाछुट्टै औसत ब्याजदर अन्तरको अधिकतम सीमा तोक्छ। यो सीमा पटकपटक परिमार्जन भएकाले नवीनतम मौद्रिक नीति हेर्नुपर्छ।
बैंकहरूले आधार दरसँगै मासिक औसत ब्याजदर अन्तर सार्वजनिक गर्छन्। साँघुरो अन्तरले ऋणी र निक्षेपकर्तालाई फाइदा पुर्याउँछ भने बैंकको आम्दानी घटाउँछ।
उदाहरण
औसत कर्जा ब्याजदर ९.६% र औसत निक्षेप ब्याजदर ५.८% भए ब्याजदर अन्तर = ९.६ − ५.८ = ३.८ प्रतिशत बिन्दु।
नेपालमा
राष्ट्र बैंकको निर्देशनअनुसार बैंक तथा वित्तीय संस्थाले कर्जा र निक्षेपको ब्याजदरबीचको औसत अन्तर प्रत्येक महिना गणना गरी आफ्नो वेबसाइटमा र त्रैमासिक वित्तीय विवरणमा प्रकाशन गर्नुपर्छ। २०८० असारदेखि औसत ब्याजदर अन्तर “क” वर्गका वाणिज्य बैंकको हकमा ४.० प्रतिशत र “ख” तथा “ग” वर्गका संस्थाको हकमा ४.६ प्रतिशतभन्दा बढी हुनु हुँदैन। कुनै महिनामा सीमा नाघेमा सोही त्रयमासभित्र सीमाभित्र ल्याउनुपर्छ। सीमा उल्लङ्घन गरेमा नयाँ शाखा विस्तार, पुनरकर्जा सुविधा र नगद लाभांश वितरणमा रोक लाग्न सक्छ र सञ्चालक समिति तथा प्रमुख कार्यकारी अधिकृतलाई नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंक ऐन, २०५८ अनुसार कारबाही हुन्छ।
Related
Sources
- NRB Unified Directive 2082 for A, B and C class institutions, Directive 15/082 (interest rates)Nepal Rastra Bank
- The Himalayan Times: NRB reduces interest rate spreadArticle
- Sharesansar: Base interest rate determinationArticle
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