Nepal-India Currency Peg
नेपाली-भारतीय रुपैयाँ स्थिर विनिमय दर
Also called NPR-INR Peg, Fixed Exchange Rate with INR
The Nepal-India currency peg is the fixed exchange rate arrangement under which the Nepali rupee is kept at NPR 1.60 per Indian rupee.
Explained
Nepal operates a dual exchange rate regime: the rupee is pegged to the Indian rupee, while its rates against convertible currencies such as the US dollar, euro and pound float in line with the Indian rupee's market rates. The current parity of NPR 1.60 = INR 1 was set in the early 1990s and has remained unchanged since.
Rationale for the peg:
- India is Nepal's largest trading partner, and the two countries share an open border.
- A fixed rate provides price stability and reduces uncertainty for trade, tourism and remittances between the two countries.
- Inflation in Nepal is closely linked with inflation in India.
Implications: to maintain the peg, NRB must hold adequate Indian rupee reserves and buy or sell Indian currency at the fixed rate, often converting convertible currency (US dollars) into Indian rupees. The peg limits Nepal's independent monetary policy, because interest rates and inflation cannot deviate too far from India's without pressure on reserves.
The appropriateness of the peg is periodically debated by economists, and NRB has reviewed the arrangement in studies; any change in the parity is a policy decision of NRB and the government.
In Nepal
NPR 1.60 = INR 1; convertible currency rates follow the INR's market movements. NRB's Monetary Policy 2082/83 keeps the pegged rate with the Indian rupee unchanged as the nominal anchor and intermediate target of monetary policy, and the Foreign Exchange Unified Circular 2082 requires INR transactions at the rate NRB sets.
नेपाली रुपैयाँलाई १ भारतीय रुपैयाँ बराबर १.६० नेपाली रुपैयाँमा स्थिर राख्ने विनिमय दर व्यवस्थालाई नेपाली-भारतीय रुपैयाँ स्थिर विनिमय दर (पेग) भनिन्छ।
व्याख्या
नेपालमा दोहोरो विनिमय दर प्रणाली छ: नेपाली रुपैयाँ भारतीय रुपैयाँसँग स्थिर (पेग) छ, जबकि अमेरिकी डलर, युरो, पाउन्ड जस्ता परिवर्त्य मुद्रासँगको दर भारतीय रुपैयाँको बजार दरअनुसार चल्छ। हालको १.६० नेरू = १ भारू दर १९९० को सुरुतिर तय भएदेखि अपरिवर्तित छ।
कारण: भारत सबैभन्दा ठूलो व्यापार साझेदार र खुला सिमाना; स्थिर दरले व्यापार, पर्यटन र विप्रेषणमा अनिश्चितता घटाउँछ; नेपालको मुद्रास्फीति भारतसँग नजिकबाट जोडिएको छ।
प्रभाव: पेग कायम राख्न नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंकले पर्याप्त भारतीय रुपैयाँ सञ्चिति राख्नुपर्छ र प्रायः अमेरिकी डलर बेचेर भारतीय रुपैयाँ खरिद गर्छ। यसले स्वतन्त्र मौद्रिक नीतिलाई सीमित बनाउँछ। पेगको औचित्यबारे समय-समयमा बहस हुन्छ।
नेपालमा
१.६० नेरू = १ भारू; परिवर्त्य मुद्राको दर भारतीय रुपैयाँको बजार दरअनुसार चल्छ। मौद्रिक नीति २०८२/८३ ले भारतीय रुपैयाँसँगको स्थिर विनिमय दरलाई मौद्रिक नीतिको नोमिनल एंकर तथा मध्यवर्ती लक्ष्यका रूपमा यथावत् राखेको छ र विदेशी विनिमय एकीकृत परिपत्र–२०८२ ले भारतीय रुपैयाँको कारोबार राष्ट्र बैंकले तोकेको दरमा गर्नुपर्ने व्यवस्था गरेको छ।
Related
Sources
- NRB Monetary Policy 2082/83, English full textNepal Rastra Bank
- NRB Foreign Exchange Unified Circular 2082 (Foreign Exchange Management Department, 2082 Chaitra)Nepal Rastra Bank
- Wikipedia: Nepalese rupeeArticle
- Wikipedia: Fixed exchange rate systemArticle
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