Foreign Direct InvestmentFDI

By international statistical convention, an investment is treated as FDI when the investor holds 10 percent or more of the voting power of the enterprise; smaller holdings are portfolio investment. FDI can take the form of setting up a new subsidiary or plant (greenfield investment), acquiring or merging with an existing company (brownfield), joint ventures, reinvested earnings and intra-company loans.

Benefits for the host country include capital, technology transfer, management skills, employment, access to export markets and foreign exchange inflows. Concerns include profit repatriation, crowding out of local firms and dependence on foreign capital.

In the balance of payments, FDI is recorded in the financial account.

In Nepal, FDI is governed by the Foreign Investment and Technology Transfer Act, 2075 and its regulations, with approval from the Department of Industry or the Investment Board depending on size. Certain sectors are on a negative list closed to foreign investment, and a minimum investment amount applies. Foreign investors must record the inflow of funds with NRB, which is required for later repatriation of dividends, sale proceeds and loan repayments under the foreign exchange rules.

अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्कीय मान्यताअनुसार लगानीकर्ताको उद्यममा १० प्रतिशत वा बढी मताधिकार भए प्रत्यक्ष विदेशी लगानी मानिन्छ; त्यसभन्दा कम पोर्टफोलियो लगानी हो। नयाँ सहायक कम्पनी वा उद्योग स्थापना (ग्रिनफिल्ड), विद्यमान कम्पनी प्राप्ति (ब्राउनफिल्ड), संयुक्त लगानी, पुनर्लगानी गरिएको आम्दानी र कम्पनीभित्रको ऋण यसका रूप हुन्।

फाइदा: पुँजी, प्रविधि हस्तान्तरण, व्यवस्थापन सीप, रोजगारी, निर्यात बजार र विदेशी मुद्रा आप्रवाह। चिन्ता: नाफा फिर्ता, स्थानीय फर्ममाथि दबाब र विदेशी पुँजीमा निर्भरता। शोधनान्तरमा वित्तीय खातामा रेकर्ड हुन्छ।

नेपालमा विदेशी लगानी तथा प्रविधि हस्तान्तरण ऐन, २०७५ अन्तर्गत उद्योग विभाग वा लगानी बोर्डबाट स्वीकृति लिनुपर्छ; केही क्षेत्र निषेधित सूचीमा छन्। लाभांश र बिक्री रकम फिर्ता लैजान लगानी आप्रवाह नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंकमा अभिलेख गर्नुपर्छ।