Bank GuaranteeBG

A bank guarantee involves three parties: the applicant (the bank's customer, for example a contractor), the beneficiary (for example a government office or employer) and the guarantor bank. The guarantee states the amount, validity period, claim period and conditions of claim.

Common types:

• Bid bond (tender guarantee): assures that a bidder will sign the contract if selected.
• Performance guarantee: assures proper completion of a contract.
• Advance payment guarantee: protects an advance paid to a contractor.
• Financial or payment guarantee: assures payment of a debt.
• Customs and other statutory guarantees.

Most guarantees used in practice are demand guarantees, payable on the beneficiary's first written demand without proof of default. Internationally, ICC's URDG 758 rules may apply.

A guarantee is a non-funded facility: the bank lends its name rather than money, earning commission and taking margin or counter-guarantee and collateral. It is an off-balance sheet contingent liability, but it carries credit risk and attracts capital charges. If invoked, the bank pays and the amount becomes a loan to the applicant (a forced loan).

बैंक जमानतमा तीन पक्ष हुन्छन्: निवेदक (बैंकको ग्राहक, जस्तै ठेकेदार), लाभग्राही (जस्तै सरकारी कार्यालय) र जमानत दिने बैंक। जमानतमा रकम, बहाल अवधि, दाबी अवधि र सर्त उल्लेख हुन्छन्।

प्रकार: बोलपत्र जमानत (bid bond), कार्यसम्पादन जमानत, अग्रिम भुक्तानी जमानत, वित्तीय/भुक्तानी जमानत र भन्सार जस्ता वैधानिक जमानत।

व्यवहारमा प्रायः माग जमानत (demand guarantee) प्रयोग हुन्छ, जसमा लाभग्राहीको पहिलो लिखित मागमा भुक्तानी गर्नुपर्छ। अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय रूपमा ICC को URDG 758 लागू हुन सक्छ।

जमानत गैरकोषमा आधारित सुविधा हो: बैंकले रकम होइन, आफ्नो नाम दिन्छ र कमिसन लिन्छ। यो वासलातबाहिरको सम्भावित दायित्व हो, तर कर्जा जोखिम र पुँजी भार हुन्छ। दाबी भए भुक्तानी गरिएको रकम निवेदकको कर्जा (forced loan) बन्छ।